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  3. ZZP Tax Deductions 2025: Complete Self-Employment Guide

ZZP Tax Deductions 2025: Complete Self-Employment Guide

Comprehensive guide to all tax deductions available for Dutch freelancers (ZZP'ers) in 2025. Zelfstandigenaftrek, startersaftrek, MKB-vrijstelling, KOR, and more.

18 min read
3,450 words
Updated: 2025-12-12

Table of Contents

  1. 1.Self-Employment Deduction (Zelfstandigenaftrek)
  2. 2.Starter Deduction (Startersaftrek)
  3. 3.SME Profit Exemption (MKB-Winstvrijstelling)
  4. 4.Small Business VAT Exemption (KOR)
  5. 5.Home Office Deduction (Werkruimte)
  6. 6.Travel & Vehicle Deductions
  7. 7.When to Consider a BV
  8. 8.False Self-Employment Warning (Schijnzelfstandigheid)

1.Self-Employment Deduction (Zelfstandigenaftrek)

Self-employed Deduction

€2,470

Requires 1,225+ hours/year

The zelfstandigenaftrek is the primary tax benefit for Dutch self-employed individuals. In 2025, the deduction is €2,470, reducing your taxable profit directly.

Requirements

  • Work at least 1,225 hours per year on your business (urencriterium)
  • The hours must be spread throughout the year
  • Administrative and acquisition work counts toward the hours

The deduction has been decreasing significantly and will continue to decline:

Important Changes

  • 2023: €5,030
  • 2024: €3,750
  • 2025: €2,470
  • Future years: Expected to decrease further

Keep detailed records of your working hours. The Tax Authority can request evidence during an audit.

Quick Summary

  • Self-employed deduction: €2,470
  • Starter deduction: €2,123 (first 3 years)
  • SME exemption: 12.7% of profit
  • Minimum 1,225 hours/year required
Calculate your ZZP tax

Calculate Your ZZP Tax

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Practical Tips

Working 1,225+ hours/year as self-employed entitles you to the €2,470 zelfstandigenaftrek.

Action Steps

  • 1.Must work 1,225+ hours annually in your business
  • 2.2025 deduction: €2,470
  • 3.Track your hours carefully (business admin counts too)
  • 4.If also employed: only business hours count
  • 5.Combine with startersaftrek if in first 3 years

2.Starter Deduction (Startersaftrek)

Starter Deduction

€2,123

First 3 years, max 3x in 5 years

New entrepreneurs can claim an additional startersaftrek (starter deduction) of €2,123 in 2025 on top of the zelfstandigenaftrek.

Eligibility

  • Available for the first 3 years of business within the past 5 years
  • Must meet the hours requirement (1,225 hours)
  • Cannot have had a business in the previous year

Combined Benefit: In your first 3 years, you can deduct €4,593 from your profit. This significantly reduces your tax burden as you build your business.

Note: The years don't need to be consecutive. If you don't meet the hours requirement one year, that year doesn't count toward your 3 starter years.

Practical Tips

As a new entrepreneur in your first 3 years, you get an EXTRA €2,470 deduction on top of zelfstandigenaftrek!

Action Steps

  • 1.Must be in first 3 active years as entrepreneur
  • 2.Each year you qualify (1,225+ hours) = use one of 3 uses
  • 3.Combined with zelfstandigenaftrek for maximum benefit
  • 4.Track your startup year carefully for claims
  • 5.Can skip a year and still use startersaftrek later

3.SME Profit Exemption (MKB-Winstvrijstelling)

SME Profit Exemption

12.7%

Of profit after deductions

The MKB-winstvrijstelling exempts 12.7% of your profit from taxation in 2025. This applies after other deductions.

How it works: 1. Calculate your profit 2. Subtract zelfstandigenaftrek (€2,470) 3. Subtract startersaftrek if applicable (€2,123) 4. From the remaining amount, 12.7% is tax-free

Example (2025): Starting with profit, subtract €2,470 for zelfstandigenaftrek. The MKB exemption of 12.7% is then applied to the remaining profit, making a portion tax-free. Use our ZZP calculator for exact calculations based on your situation.

This exemption applies automatically and has no hours requirement, making it valuable even for part-time entrepreneurs.

SME Exemption Example

Scenario: ZZP with €60,000 profit
Gross Profit
€60,000
Self-employed deduction
-€2,470
Profit after deduction
€57,530
SME exemption (12.7%)
-€7,306
Taxable profit
€50,224

Practical Tips

After applying other deductions, 12.7% of remaining profit is tax-free under the MKB-winstvrijstelling.

Action Steps

  • 1.Automatic: applies to profit after all other deductions
  • 2.12.7% of remaining profit = exempt from income tax
  • 3.Example: €50k profit after deductions → €6,350 tax-free
  • 4.Combined with zelfstandigenaftrek significantly reduces tax
  • 5.No action needed - automatically calculated

4.Small Business VAT Exemption (KOR)

The KOR (Kleine Ondernemersregeling) is a VAT exemption for small businesses with annual turnover below €20,000.

Benefits

  • No VAT charged on invoices
  • No VAT returns required
  • Simplified administration

Drawbacks

  • Cannot reclaim VAT on purchases
  • Annual turnover limit applies strictly
  • Must opt in for minimum 3 years

When to use KOR

  • Selling primarily to consumers (who can't reclaim VAT)
  • Low business expenses
  • Turnover consistently under €20,000

When to avoid KOR

  • B2B sales (customers expect VAT invoices)
  • High startup costs (can't reclaim VAT)
  • Growing business approaching threshold
1

Register with KVK

Register your business at the Chamber of Commerce (Kamer van Koophandel).

1-2 days
2

Receive VAT number

The Tax Authority automatically assigns you a VAT number after KVK registration.

1-2 weeks
3

Check KOR eligibility

Verify your annual turnover stays below €20,000 to qualify for the small business scheme.

1 day
4

Apply for KOR

Submit your KOR application via the Tax Authority portal. Takes effect next quarter.

5 min

Practical Tips

With low turnover, you can opt for the KOR scheme and NOT charge VAT to clients. Simpler administration!

Action Steps

  • 1.Apply for KOR at Belastingdienst (opt-in)
  • 2.Must commit for at least 3 years
  • 3.You don't charge clients BTW = competitive advantage
  • 4.BUT you can't reclaim BTW on your purchases
  • 5.Best if: clients are consumers, low business expenses
  • 6.If you exceed €20k in a year, you owe ALL VAT retroactively

5.Home Office Deduction (Werkruimte)

You can deduct home office costs if you have a dedicated workspace that meets specific requirements.

Full Deduction (Strict Requirements)

  • Separate room or clearly demarcated space
  • Own entrance preferred
  • Used exclusively for business
  • Generates most of your income there

If you meet the requirements, you can deduct:

Proportional Costs

  • Proportional rent or mortgage interest
  • Utilities based on workspace percentage
  • Furniture and equipment
  • Internet (business percentage)

Tip: Even if you don't meet strict requirements, equipment used for work is still deductible. A desk, chair, monitor, and computer can be written off even without a dedicated room.

Practical Tips

To deduct a portion of rent/mortgage as business expense, your home office needs a SEPARATE ENTRANCE and be used primarily for business.

Action Steps

  • 1.Full deduction requires: separate entrance, primarily business use
  • 2.If no separate entrance: can still deduct direct costs (desk, chair, etc.)
  • 3.Internet: consider a separate business line (fully deductible)
  • 4.Phone: business-only phone is 100% deductible
  • 5.Heating/electricity: only if separate meter or very clear business use
  • 6.Keep photos/documentation of your workspace

6.Travel & Vehicle Deductions

Travel costs for business are deductible, but rules differ based on the type of transport.

Own Vehicle

  • €0.23 per kilometer for business travel
  • Commuting to a regular workplace is NOT deductible
  • Keep a detailed kilometer log

Public Transport

  • Fully deductible for business trips
  • Subscriptions can be deducted proportionally

Business Vehicle: If you drive more than 500 km/year for private use, you may need to add "bijtelling" (private use addition) unless you can prove limited private use.

Maintain a trip log with:

Record Keeping

  • Date and time
  • Start and end location
  • Distance
  • Business purpose

Practical Tips

Claim [[commute.employerRateValue]] per kilometer for all business travel. This covers fuel, maintenance, and depreciation.

Action Steps

  • 1.Keep a detailed trip log: date, destination, purpose, km
  • 2.Business trips include: client visits, networking, procurement
  • 3.Public transport: 100% of actual costs deductible
  • 4.If vehicle is on the business: all costs deductible but bijtelling applies
  • 5.Keep receipts for parking, tolls, etc.
  • 6.Use apps like MileIQ for easy tracking

7.When to Consider a BV

As your income grows, converting to a BV (besloten vennootschap) may become advantageous.

When a BV makes sense

  • Profit consistently above the break-even threshold (typically around €100,000-150,000)
  • Significant liability risks
  • Want to retain earnings in the company
  • Planning to sell the business eventually

BV Tax Advantages

  • Tiered corporate tax rates on company profits (up to €200,000)
  • Salary optimization (gebruikelijk loon)
  • Pension building through the BV
  • Holding structure possibilities

BV Disadvantages

  • Higher administrative costs per year
  • Annual accounts filing required
  • Less flexibility in drawing income
  • No zelfstandigenaftrek

Use our ZZP calculator to compare scenarios and determine your break-even point.

Stay as ZZP

Best when profit is below €100,000 and you value flexibility. Lower administrative burden, direct access to profits.

✓ Recommended for most freelancers

Consider a BV

Consider when profit exceeds €100,000-150,000 consistently. Benefits: lower corporate tax, asset protection, retained earnings.

→ Consult a tax advisor

Schijnzelfstandigheid Risk

Warning: Working mainly for one client with strict hours may be considered fake self-employment. Risk of back taxes and penalties.

⚠️ Evaluate your working relationship

Practical Tips

With high profit, a BV structure might save taxes. BV profits are taxed at 19% (up to €200k) vs your marginal rate of ~49.5%.

Action Steps

  • 1.BV: Corporate tax 19% on first €200k profit, 25.8% above
  • 2.Personal salary from BV: taxed normally + box 2 dividends at 26.9%
  • 3.BV provides liability protection for personal assets
  • 4.Setup costs ~€500-1000, annual accounting ~€1000+
  • 5.Useful if you want to retain profits for growth
  • 6.Consult accountant to calculate your specific break-even

8.False Self-Employment Warning (Schijnzelfstandigheid)

Warning: False Self-Employment

The Dutch Tax Authority is increasingly scrutinizing "schijnzelfstandigheid" - situations where ZZP'ers are effectively employees.

Red Flags

  • Single client for extended period
  • Working at client's location with their equipment
  • Set working hours determined by client
  • Integration into client's organization
  • No entrepreneurial risk

Consequences

  • Reclassification as employee
  • Back taxes for employer and employee portions
  • Loss of entrepreneur deductions
  • Potential fines

Protect Yourself

  • Have multiple clients (even if one is dominant)
  • Use your own equipment when possible
  • Determine your own working hours
  • Issue proper invoices, not timesheets
  • Carry liability insurance

The government is implementing new legislation (DBA system) to clarify the distinction. Stay informed about changes.

Practical Tips

Working as ZZP but actually an employee (schijnzelfstandigheid) carries serious tax and legal risks for both you and your client.

Action Steps

  • 1.Signs of false self-employment: one client, fixed hours, no business risk
  • 2.Use the Belastingdienst 'Webmodule' to check your situation
  • 3.Client may owe back-taxes, premiums, and penalties
  • 4.You may lose entrepreneur status and deductions
  • 5.Consider a proper employment contract instead
  • 6.Multiple clients and own business risk = safer

Calculate It Yourself

Use our free calculators to calculate your personal situation:

ZzpVat

Related Guides

Dutch Tax Credits 2025 Guide
Healthcare Deductions Guide
Energy & Green Investments Guide

Frequently Asked Questions

Official Sources

Information verified with government websites

  • Tax Administration - Entrepreneurs

    Tax information for self-employed and entrepreneurs

    www.belastingdienst.nl
  • KVK - Chamber of Commerce

    Business registration and entrepreneur information

    www.kvk.nl

Disclaimer

This guide is intended for general informational purposes and does not constitute personal tax advice. Please consult a tax advisor for advice on your specific situation.

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