Tax Topics
Wealth Tax (Box 3) - Netherlands 2025
Box 3 wealth tax applies to savings and investments above €57,684. Tax is calculated on deemed returns rather than actual returns, at a flat 36% rate in 2025.
- Applies to savings and investments above €57,684 exemption per person
- Tax calculated on deemed returns, not actual investment performance
- Flat 36% tax rate on deemed returns in 2025
- Savings deemed to earn 2.6% return annually
- Investments deemed to earn 6.04% return annually
- Debts above €3,800 threshold can be deducted from wealth
- Separate exemption for each partner in relationship
- Primary residence and pension savings are excluded
Deemed return: €40,000×2.6% + €60,000×6.04% = €1,040 + €3,624 = €4,664. Tax: €4,664×36% = €1,679 annually.
Why is tax based on deemed returns instead of actual returns?
The deemed return system simplifies tax calculation and prevents tax avoidance through low-yield investments. However, it can result in tax liability even when investments lose money.
What counts as savings vs investments for Box 3?
Savings include bank accounts, savings accounts, and cash. Investments include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, and other securities. Different deemed return rates apply to each.
Can I deduct all my debts from my wealth?
Only debts above €3,800 threshold can be deducted. This includes mortgages on investment properties, investment loans, and other qualifying debts. Personal loans and credit cards may not qualify.
How do couples handle Box 3 taxation?
Each partner gets their own €57,684 exemption. Couples can optimize by allocating assets between partners, but there are rules about attribution of jointly-held assets.